Oil burner



J. H. FRICKIE Ooi. 3, 1939.

UIL BURNER Filed May 21, 1937 e Rb Q Q A S v J W IAWI m: .HH Q N m TSlmlmuH-HH \\M m ATTORNEY.

Patented Oct. 3, 1939 UNITED" STATES PATENT OFFICE 4 Claims.

This invention relates generally to burners used in conjunction withfuel oil, and is particularly applicable for steam boiler installations,as for example boilers of the stationary type.

s It is an object of the invention to provide a burner nozzle which willafford a wide degree ci iiexibility with respect to the type o! llameobtained. For example with my device I can secure relatively wide llame,which is desired under l0 certain conditions, or I can obtain arelatively long narrow llame.

A further object of the invention is to provide novel means enablingadjustment of the various orifices utilized in my device. thusfacilitating its l5 adaptability to varying conditions.

Further objects o! the invention will appear from the followingdescription in which the preferred embodiment oi the invention has beenset forth in detail, in conjunction with the accomn panying drawing.

Referring to the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view, in cross section, illustrating adevice incorporating the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross sectional detail, illustrating more clearlythe elements to form the various discharge oriiices.

Fig. 3 is a cross sectional detail taken along the line 3-3 ci Fig.'1.but on the same scale an as Fig. 2.

. Fig. 4 is a cross sectional detail taken along the line 3-4 oi Fig. 1.

The construction illustrated in the drawing makes use of a plurality ofconcentric pipes l0,

.g Il and I2, which can be termed a mounting means for parts forming thedischarge orifices. These pipes are oi' sutlicient length to extend intoa nre box or combustion chamber, with certain parts to be presentlydescribed, located exterior o! the n combustion chamber and availablefor manual adjustment. 'I'he pipes provide a plurality of passagesdesignated by numerals Ila, llc. and lia. e Ila is for the now of anexpansible ui'd, like steam. passage ila is lor oil, and

4| passage ila is for an expansible fluid like steam. Exterior of thecombustion chamber pipes Il and Il are shown attached to the casting orlike body i3. An oil supply pipe I4 is shown con, nected to body I3, inorder to supply oil to the so passage ila. Also a pipe I3 is shownconnected l to the body for supplying steam to passage Ila. Pipes Il andIl are maintained concentric by the guide varies IB.

Attached to the inner or combustion chamber 55 end of pipe il, there isa conical shaped member Il. Extending about the outer periphery ofmember I1, are the annular oriiloes I8 and i9. Oriiice il receives oilfrom passage iin. while orifice i8, receives steam or like expansibleiiuid from pasage Ila. While special parts can be uti- 6 lized to formthe orifices I8 and i9, it is satisfactory to make use oi the ends ofpipes il and I2 in the manner illustrated, it only being necessary inthis instance to properly machine the ends of the pipes, in order toailord a proper l0 clearance with respect to the outer machinedperiphery of conical member I1. The clearance aorded between the facesforming the oriice I3 is substantially greater than the comparableclearance forming orlce Il, lor any adjustment l5 l of the device.

In order to aiord means to adjust the position ol pipe I3longitudinally, thus adjusting the sizes of orices Il and Il.representative means is illustrated as follows: Exterior of the lire boxor com- Il bustion chamber, pipe I0 slidably extends through a packinggland Il. A suitable fitting 32 connects the outer end o! pipe III withthe steam supply pipe 23. An adjusting screw 24 has its one end attachedto casting I3, and has a thread- 25 ed portion 23 engaging a nut 21.which is attached to the tltting 33. Thus uponturning the hand wheel33,'which is attached to screw 2l, the setting ol pipe Il can beadjusted with respect to casting i3, and therefore with respect to pipesIl $0 and I2. The inner end ol'pipe Il has a threaded connection Il,with the sleeve portion 3i o! conn ical shaped member i1. Guide studs 33and 33a are formed upon the sleeve portion 3l, to contact the innerperipheral surface o! the pipe Ill and 36 thus maintain proper alignmentol the conical shaped member i1. Flow o! fuel oil is controlled mainlyby the iiow resistance through the restricted slots or orices 3l,between the guide studs 33. Gpening Il serves as a secondary dischargeoutlet or orice, and can be closed or completely shut oil.

Extending over the end o! the conical shaped member Il, there is a cap33, which in this ina stance is annular in contour and generally conicalshaped. This cap is attached to the adiacent end of pipe Il. as by meansof an inner ported sleeve 34. The outer edge portion of thc cap 33.together with the cooperating end face sa ol conical shaped member i1,afford an annular oriiice 36 which is directed laterally at an angle ofnearly 90 to the direction oi' discharge from oriiice I8. Cap 33 is alsoshown with a supplemental central discharge orifice 31, for discharginga solid jet of expansible iiuid into the core of the name, thuspromoting combustion.

Operation of my device can now be outlined as follows: Pipe I4 isconnected to a supply of fuel oil, so that the fuel oil is deliveredthrough passage ila at a sufilcient constant pressure to insure properflow through slots 30. At the same time steam under pressure is suppliedto pipe Ii, and this `steam discharges as a conical shaped jet from theorifice I 9. 'Ihe steam supply can be suitably controlled as to pressureby conventional means such as a pressure reducing regulator, the settingof which can be adjusted according to requirements. The Jet from orificei9 consists of steam together with atomized particles of oil, receivedfrom the orifice i8. Oil from orifice i8 flows at least in part as asheet of outwardly moving oil upon the outer periphery of member Il, andis picked up from the outer lip of member Il in the form of atomizedparticles, by the steam jet.`

The amount of oil introduced into the spray can be readily and closelyadjusted by turning the hand wheel 28, which in effect simultaneouslyincreases or decreases the size of orifices i8 and I9'. Steam is alsosupplied from another suitable source through pipe 23 and this steamdischarges as a jet from orice 36, and intermingles with the jet beingdischarged from orice i9. An increase in the amount of steam supplied toorifice 36, which can be readily accomplished by a throttling valveintroduced in pipe 28, causes a lateral spreading of the'ame, while adecrease in the supplyof steam through to pipe 23 causes the flame to bemore concentrated. Thus the flame can be spread in order to secureoptimum operations under given operating conditions, or for giveninstallations, and in order to form a combustion supporting mixture inclose proximity to the tip of the nozzle. The combustion chamber withwhich my device is used should be provided with proper provision forsupplying combustion supporting air, as is well understood by thoseskilled in the art.

It will be apparent from the above that my device is capable of a Widelatitude of exibility, and by virtue of the adJustments an'orded, it canbe adjusted to operate at optimum efficiency for various types ofinstallations and operating conditions. 'I'he fuel oil is eillientlyatomized to promote good combustion, and good combustion will beretained for the various adjustments aiiorrled.`

It will beapparent that in installations where steam is not available,compresed air can be employed instead. It is also possible to employ asource of fuel gas, like natural gas, in place of fuel oil; provided theburner is proportioned with due regard to the volume of gas required.

I claim:

1. In a fuel oil burner, a nozzle structure comprising at least threeconcentric pipes, the innermost pipe forming a passage for steam, thespace between the innermost pipe and the middleipipe forming a space forflow of fuel oil, and the space between the middle pipe and theoutermost pipe forming a passage likewise for flow of steam, a conicalshaped member carried by one end of the innnermost pipe, the adjacentends of the intermediate pipe andthe outermost pipe forming togetherwith the outer peripheral surface of said conical member, two annulardischarge oriflces, the smaller orifice being for the discharge of oiland the larger oriilce being for the disaivee'es 1 charge of steam andoil, a cap extending over the end face of said conical shaped member andsecured to the innermost pipe, said cap forming together with theforward end of said conical shaped member an annular orifice arranged todirect a discharge of steam outwardly and laterally of the dischargefrom said previously mentioned orifice of larger diameter, and means foradjusting the position of the innermost pipe relative to theintermediate an'd outermost pipe, in a direction longitudinally of thesame.v

2. In a fuel oil burner, a nozzle structure comprising a mountingadapted to extend into a combustion chamber, orifice means carried bysaid mounting, said orifice means comprising two substantiallyconcentric orifices, the outer orifice being substantially in the formof a truncated cone and serving for the discharge of an expansiblefluid, the inner orifice serving for the discharge of fuel oil,saidmounting affording passages for the supplying of a fuel oil andexpansible fluid to said orifices, and means for discharging an annularand outwardly directed jet of expansible fluid against the inner side ofexpansible fluid discharging from said outer orifice.

3. In a fuel oil burner, a burner nozzle comprising a conical shapedmember, means forming a mounting for said member and also forming atleast two passages, one for fuel oil and the other for an expansiblefluid under pressure, and two annular discharge orices formed about theperiphery of said conical member and communicating respectively withsaid passages, both of the orifices being substantially concentric withthe axis of the cone shaped member and the fluid discharge orifice beingof a diameter substantially larger than the oil discharge orifice,whereby oil delivered from the oil discharge orifice is caused to passthrough the fluid dlischarge orifice and is atomized, means enablingadjustment of the effective sizes of said orifices, and means comprisinga supplemental iiuid discharge orifice for adjusting the spreading ofthe burner ame.

4. In a fuel oil burner, a nozzlestructure comprising at least threeconcentric pipes, the innermost pipe forming a passage for steam, thespace between the innermost pipe and the middle pipe forming a. spacefor ow of fuel oil, and the space between the middle pipe and theoutermost pipe forming a passage likewise for flow of steam, a conicalshaped member carried by one end of the innermost pipe, the adjacentends of the intermediate pipe and the outermost pipe forming togetherwith the outer peripheral surface of said conical member, two annulardischarge orifices, the smaller orifice being for the discharge of oiland the larger orifice being for the discharge of steam and oil, saidconical member having an outer peripheral edge which is outside theoutermost pipe and of a diameter greater than the adjacent innerdiameter of the outermost pipe. a

cap extending over the end face of said conical shaped member andsecured to the innermost pipe, said cap forming together with theforward end of said conical shaped member an annular orifice arranged todirect a discharge of steam outwardly and laterally of the dischargefrom said previously mentioned orice of larger diameter, and means foradjusting the position of the innermost pipe relative to theintermediate and outermost pipe, in a direction longitudinally of thesame.

.JAMES H. FRICKIE..

